Exporting stimulus and “shared prosperity”: Reinventing foreign aid for a retroliberal era

The global aid world has changed, partly in response to the reconfigurations of geopolitical power and to the global financial crisis (GFC). Paradoxically, in the face of recession in most northern economies, collectively foreign aid contributions have not fallen. However there has been a qualitative shift in its narrative and nature. This new regime—which we term retroliberalism—projects the concept of “shared prosperity,” but constitutes a return to explicit self‐interest designed to bolster private sector trade and investment. Drawing evidence from New Zealand and the United Kingdom, we argue that aid programmes are increasingly functioning as “exported stimulus” packages.     

把关还是放行——论商务联络译员的礼貌意识

以22名职业译员和学生译员为被试对象，观察其在商务联络口译场合下对不礼貌与过度礼貌言语行为的处理。研究发现:（1）两组被试均在应对面子威胁行为时自觉承担了把关人的职责，积极运用各类应对策略维护双方面子。（2）学生译员在把关时缺乏清晰的导向性，关注点较小，调节力度较弱；职业译员以交际目标为导向，同时关注社会和文化语境，调节力度更强，手段更自由。研究将礼貌置于其发生的语境，深入剖析译员的双重把关角色，构建了跨语交际下动态的礼貌概念，同时进一步揭示了联络译员角色的复杂性。     

农业劳动者职业转型中工匠精神的法律塑造

随着城镇化的发展和乡村振兴战略的实施，农业劳动者必然面临职业转型，转型后的职业客观上对劳动者提出了较高的技能要求。农业劳动者职业转型中工匠精神的培育，是提升农业劳动者技能、推动供给侧结构性改革、促进农业强国和创新型国家建设的重要举措。工匠精神要求农业劳动者在转型过程中提高职业技能，忠于雇主，诚实、勤勉、创造性地劳动。未来劳动法立法应转变理念，从保护不同农业劳动者合法权利，强化雇员忠诚义务，健全职业能力开发制度，完善工时、工资、劳动合同激励制度等方面，为农业劳动者工匠精神培育提供全方位、多角度的保障和激励措施。     

农业机械化服务对粮食生产成本效率的影响——来自中国小麦主产区的经验证据

运用超越对数SFA模型测算1994—2016年中国15个小麦主产地区成本效率，继而构建空间杜宾计量模型考察农业机械化服务对小麦生产成本效率的直接影响与空间溢出效应。结果表明：中国小麦生产成本效率仍存在17.3%的损失；农业机械化服务对小麦成本效率具有正向显著的直接效应和空间溢出效应，即本区域农机化水平对其他区域小麦成本效率有显著的正向影响；从空间维度来看，农业机械化的空间溢出效应主要表现在经度相近地区之间，纬度相近地区之间并不显著；从时间维度看，2004年前后农业机械化的空间溢出效应具有明显差异，2004年之后空间溢出效应更加明显。据此提出农机补贴向农机服务组织倾斜，建设和推广农机信息平台以及作物种植沿经度布局的政策建议。     

Business reform outcomes: Why so different?

Post-crisis policy making increasingly focuses on doing business reforms. We argue that the effects of those reforms will be different across countries. To understand the reasons for the reform outcome divergence, we advance a novel firm-size distribution (FSDs) argument. At the center of the argument is the fact that FSDs are different across countries and stable over time. Then, if a given doing business reform induces firms of different size to grow differently, this will produce a variety of reform outcomes across countries. To advance the argument, we set up a tractable general equilibrium (GE) model and study how firms of different size grow after a doing business reform. The model predicts that larger firms will grow faster than smaller firms after the reform. The model predictions are tested on the Enterprise Surveys (ES) data, merged with the Doing Business indicators. We confirm that firms of different size grow differently after a Doing Business reform. Thus, based on the notable differences of firm size distributions across countries, identical reforms to start, operate and close a business will produce a variety of reform outcomes across countries.     

High value manufacturing (HVM) in the UK: case studies and focus group insights

This paper studies the internal mechanisms that allow organisations to become high value manufacturing (HVM). Using a qualitative methodology, three UK manufacturing companies formed in-depth case studies with semi-structured interviews, observations and historical data. The HVM value matrix of Martinez and co-workers is used to categorise each organisation’s value proposition. Wider benchmarking of the three organisations was carried out against a focus group with an additional seven manufacturing organisations. Thus, data from 10 manufacturing organisations are included in this research. The cases follow the ‘customer intimacy’ HVM discipline. The business processes supporting these value propositions were identified. Interestingly, each organisation’s desired value proposition differs from their current one. ‘Technological integrators’ predominantly rely on new product development (NPD) and Strategy processes, whereas ‘Socialisors’ rely predominantly on Strategy and Customer Relationship processes. Companies can use the findings to better understand their current HVM value proposition and, where necessary, plan their transition to a future desired HVM value proposition.     

New faces in new spaces in new places: Residential attainment among newly legalized immigrants in established,new, and minor destinations

Immigrants at the beginning of the twenty-first century are located in a more diverse set of metropolitan areas than at any point in U.S. history. Whether immigrants' residential prospects are helped or hindered in new versus established immigrant-receiving areas has been the subject of debate. Using multilevel models and data from the New Immigrant Survey (NIS), a nationally representative sample of newly legalized immigrants to the U.S., we move beyond aggregate-level analyses of residential segregation to specify the influence of destination type on individual-level immigrant residential outcomes. The findings indicate that immigrants in new and minor destinations are significantly more likely to live in tracts with relatively more non-Hispanic whites and relatively fewer immigrants and poor residents. These residential advantages persist net of individual-level controls but are largely accounted for by place-to-place differences in metropolitan composition and structure. Our exclusive focus on newly legalized immigrants means that our findings do not necessarily contradict the possibility of worse residential prospects in new areas of settlement, but rather qualifies it as not extending to the newly authorized population.     

纽马克理论指导下的商务文本翻译

在商务领域中，商务文本犹如架起建立国内乃至国际间各商家的桥梁，所以商务文本的翻译有着十分重要的研究价值。将以纽马克翻译理论为指导，对商务文本中商务函电、商务广告以及商务函电这三方面的翻译策略进行了探讨。     

Displacement and local linguistic practices: R‐lessness in post‐Katrina Greater New Orleans

Variable r‐lessness in New Orleans English is a salient linguistic feature tied to local place‐based identity. In this study, I examine rates of r‐lessness in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, which caused large‐scale displacement in the region. Participants come from the linguistically conservative suburb of Chalmette, where r‐lessness is more robust than in New Orleans proper. Participants’ connections to Chalmette were measured in two ways: (1) post‐Katrina location status, i.e. whether participants returned or relocated after the storm; (2) place orientation, captured via an ethnographically informed, multifaceted measure of stance and exposure to places outside of Chalmette. Analysis revealed that place orientation better predicts rates of r‐lessness than post‐Katrina location. I argue that the marked quality of r‐lessness makes it available for identity‐driven use to express a connection to Chalmette. This study demonstrates one way to account for the linguistic implications of individuals’ shifting allegiances to places they live(d).     

创新、升级与培育——2013上海文化消费报告

在全国文化消费方兴未艾的背景下,上海文化消费尤为繁盛。在载体方面,创新与多元化趋势增强。由政府主导的基础型公共文化服务体系进一步完善,消费产品更加多样化,但仍存在公共文化机构数量不足、消费理念薄弱等问题。电影节、书展、动漫节、艺术节、艺博会五大节庆类公共文化平台在消费产品多元化、亲民化、国际化方面的趋势更加明显。新媒体作为市场主导的自主型文化消费载体,发展迅猛。网购、APP、微博经济、网络文学消费稳步增长。在客体方面,假日旅游和出境游消费火爆,私人影院等体验式消费备受青睐,演艺、奢侈品消费呈爆发式增长。在主体方面,上海已形成高、中、低3类消费主体并存的文化消费格局,阶层化倾向日趋明显。